All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the [EEIC] during [July 3-4th, 2025] in [Auckland, New Zealand]. These articles have been peer reviewed by the members of the [Scientific Committee] and approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who affirms that this document is a truthful...

In today’s medical field, artificial intelligence medical devices have developed rapidly and have become an important part of the modern medical system. Digital circuit technology, as the cornerstone of modern electronic systems, is crucial in advancing artificial intelligence of medical devices. This...

In recent years, single photon detection technology has made a breakthrough in the field of medical imaging, and promoted the development of high sensitivity, low noise and high-resolution imaging systems. A new type of single photon detector (SPD) based on superconducting materials, wide band gap semiconductors...

AI inference chips, they sort of play this biggish role when it comes to achieving both high-performance and low-energy computation. This is seen across lots of areas like autonomous systems, clever devices, and cloud services. AI models are growing at an unprecedented rate, making it difficult for traditional...

The paper present RaPiD, a revolutionary low-precision accelerator with a wide spectrum of supported precisions from 16-bit floating-point to 2-bit fixed-point, the first system supporting both training and inference operations at very low precision levels without sacrificing performance. On top of latest...

Digital integrated circuit (IC) design is a laborious and intricate process that involves many processes of differing complexity. It takes a lot of time and increases the possibility of mistakes when done by hand, especially for inexperienced designers, from specification to layout and verification....

This paper presents a comprehensive review of hardware accelerators specifically designed to address the challenges posed by sparse neural networks, focusing on their architectural innovations, algorithmic optimizations, and performance advancements. Traditional computing systems face significant challenges...

Recognizing emotions plays a vital role in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), with applications in improving student engagement in education and patient monitoring in healthcare. While traditional systems rely on single-modal inputs, human emotions are inherently multimodal, combining facial expressions...

Aerodynamic optimization of airfoils is fundamental for aircraft performance, with NACA2412 and NACA0012 serving as benchmark prog actionable insights for airfoil design under variable operational environments. Files for commercial wings and helicopter rotors respectively due to their contrasting pressure...

The aerodynamic performance of airfoils for fluid analysis has essential applications in aerospace applications and renewable energy. The wind tunnel is a kind of mature analysis method. However, for non-professional organisations or individuals, the financial demands of building a full-size wind tunnel...

Two-dimensional semiconductors are redefining the landscape of digital integrated circuits (ICs) by leveraging their atomic-scale thickness, exceptional carrier mobility (>200 cm2/V·s), and layer-dependent bandgap tunability. These properties directly address silicon’s limitations, particularly short-channel...

This paper discusses the role of adaptive digital filters in modern signal processing systems, highlighting their ability to dynamically adjust to varying signal environments. Two widely used algorithms, Least Mean Squares and Recursive Least Squares are analysed. LMS is computationally efficient and...

In recent years, in high-altitude long-time navigation, UAVs have attracted much attention due to their advantages of long-range and unmanned working characteristics. The working environment of this kind of UAV is thin, which often leads to this kind of aircraft being in an environment with a low Reynolds...

This paper examines the design and application of low-speed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by integrating aerodynamic optimization and advanced computational control systems. Despite their widespread use in surveillance, logistics, environmental monitoring, and disaster response, UAVs face challenges...

This paper provides a comprehensive review of digital circuit implementations for artificial neural network (ANN) accelerators, focusing on Solution types include Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It examines key optimization techniques such as precision-variable...

Digital circuit acceleration is pivotal in enhancing the performance and efficiency of modern electronic systems, particularly in applications such as real-time processing, low-power embedded devices, and high-speed data transmission. This article explores diverse methodologies to accelerate digital...

This paper delves into the critical issue of power consumption in analog integrated circuits and explores a wide range of optimization techniques spanning from Register Transfer Level (RTL) design to back-end implementation. Power consumption has become a growing concern in modern circuit design, as...

The design of Internet of Things (IoT) chips revolves around achieving efficient, reliable, and low-power architectures tailored to the unique demands of IoT ecosystems. This review examines the critical components of IoT chip design, including sensing units, processing cores, memory subsystems, communication...

The application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in welding systems has played a key role in promoting automation improvements and technological implementation. The traditional welding process largely relies on manual operation and the experience of professionals, especially in defect detection,...

Extreme temperature cycles critically threaten electrical insulating materials through thermal stress, oxidation, hydrolysis, and multi-field coupling effects, accelerating degradation via microcrack propagation and interface damage. While standardized tests (e.g., IEC 60216) assess thermal aging, they...

Radar systems are currently a popular area of research in today’s technological landscape. Previous researchers have utilized traditional target detection methods for radar signal processing. However, these conventional methods cannot efficiently process radar signals in complex environments. Therefore,...

In recent years, autonomous driving technologies have emerged as one of the most revolutionary innovations, becoming a key focus for transforming traffic structures. With the gradual development of the industry, the controller has become a key component of the autonomous driving system. The controller...

The smart watch is a prevalent wearable device in the consumer electronics market. Its multifunctionality and handiness are the main advantages of the smart watch. Inside the smart watch, multiple miniature sensors make the smart watch available to realize various functions such as measuring sports kinetic...

As wind energy has become an integral part of the ongoing energy transition, the scale of offshore wind farms and wind turbines continuously increases, and each turbine is expected to reach higher power capacity. This requires advanced DC/DC converters to meet stringent operational demands. This paper...

A robotic arm is a device designed to emulate the functions of a human arm and execute many activities. This article carefully examines the essential principles that regulate robotic arms, including mechanical structure, motion control, and path planning. We classify modern robotic arms into three primary...

With the increasing demand for stable and highly efficient power supply in electronics systems, voltage stability and ripple suppression have gained more significance. For optimization in conventional topology, traditional topology is not able to balance the response speed and the accuracy and increasing...

Nowadays, the demand for better efficiency, flexibility and reliability in modern power systems is rising gradually, to prompt the wide application of advanced power electronic technology in transmission and distribution. This dissertation aims to explore how these technologies have developed from conventional...

With the popularity of smart home devices and the upgrading of energy management needs, wireless charging technology for household appliances has become a research hotspot in academia and industry due to its advantages of getting rid of the shackles of cables and improving security and spatial freedom....

STT-MRAM excels with fast reads, low write power, and high endurance, making it a key focus in emerging non-volatile memory research. However, write randomness, different P and AP write times, and temperature fluctuations challenge write efficiency and reliability. Fixed write cycle designs ensure state...

STT-MRAM is considered one of the most promising candidates for emerging memory, sense amplifier and next-generation memory. Temperature greatly affects MRAM performance: reading becomes difficult at high temperatures, and writing becomes hard at low temperatures. This article analyzes in detail the...

As the integration process nodes enter the nanoscale, traditional planar transistors face physical limitations due to issues such as short-channel effects and surge leakage currents. This paper systematically analyzes advanced semiconductor device technologies, including Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator...

With the development of electronic products, integrated circuits have become the focus of research in related fields. In this paper, a 4-bit absolute value detector with low delay and low energy consumption is designed, which is composed of adder, MUX and comparator. When the circuit is working, MUX...

This paper is dedicated to the design of a 4 - bit absolute value comparator, aiming to resolve its power consumption issue. Initially, the logic effort method is employed to analyse the circuit structure, precisely identify the critical path, and optimize the sizes of devices on it to achieve the minimum...

With the rapid development of digital integrated circuits, absolute value detectors have become indispensable devices in signal processing, control systems, arithmetic operations and other fields. This paper presents an optimal design for a 4-bit absolute value detector with a focus on reducing latency...

The four‑bit absolute‑value detector (AVD) is an indispensable primitive wherever signed sensor data must be reduced to magnitude before thresholding, from cortical implants to wearable audio codecs. Yet the seemingly trivial operation hides a rich three‑way trade‑off among delay, energy and area that...

Because digital systems are developing rapidly, efficient arithmetic components are needed, especially absolute value detectors and arithmetic logic units (ALUs) for signal processing. However, the traditional design based on Complementary metal-Oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) has many limitations in terms...

This study focuses on solving problems in traditional three-axis 3D printing, such as the stair-stepping effect, excessive support structures, and poor mechanical performance. It uses continuous carbon fiber as the printing material and designs an automated additive manufacturing system based on a KUKA...

In this information-based society, communication efficiency counts a lot, which is significant both at home and abroad. Equipment and technology of communication have also become more advanced and varied, thus people’s experience of communication becomes better as well. People’s need for communication...

This paper comprehensively investigates bitcell architectures in traditional and emerging memory technologies, including SRAM, DRAM, NAND Flash, STT-MRAM, ReRAM, and FeRAM. As the foundational unit of memory systems, bitcell design critically influences key performance metrics such as density, speed,...

This paper summarises the research progress and challenges of STT-MRAM technology based on FinFET technology, exploring its core advantages in high-density, low-power, and non-volatile storage. The advantage of FinFET mainly lies in its 3D gate. This paper summarizes relevant papers in recent years,...

Memory is fundamental for preserving and accessing vast amounts of data in the digital age, this paper summarizes the principles, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of various types of memory, including SRAM, DRAM, flash, RRAM, STT-MRAM, FeRAM, and PCRAM. SRAM, used in CPU caches for its high...

This paper presents the comprehensive design, optimization, and validation of a 5-bit absolute value detector (AVD), achieving notable reductions in delay and energy consumption for digital integrated circuits. AVDs are crucial in applications such as digital signal processing and numerical comparisons,...

With the increasing demand for high-quality electricity conversion in distributed energy systems, the importance of high-efficiency pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies in the design of one-way inverters is becoming more and more obvious. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, this study conducts a comparative...

With the lack of fossil resources and the outbreak of the outbreak of global energy crisis, the urgency of energy transformation around the world has received more extensive attention. Therefore, the power grid, which is a vital section of energy consumption, has also faced serious problems, and the...

With the increase of renewable energy penetration and the rapid development of AC-DC hybrid microgrid, the performance of rectifier circuit, as the core device to realize the efficient coupling of AC source and DC bus, directly affects the power quality and operation efficiency of the system. Traditional...

With the growth of the number of automobiles, traffic safety problems are highlighted, and automatic driving technology becomes an important means of solution. Machine vision, as the key perception technology of automatic driving, acquires image data through vehicle-mounted cameras to provide a basis...

Multimodal data fusion for embodied intelligence enable physical intelligent systems to perceive, reason, and interact with their environment by integrating heterogeneous perceptual data. Recent years have witnessed significant progress made in embodied intelligence systems, driven by the substantial...

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, computer vision, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies, autonomous driving is increasingly becoming an integral part of future intelligent transportation systems. As the core mechanism ensuring safe and stable vehicle operation, control strategies...

With the rapid development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and smart manufacturing, machine signal monitoring and fault diagnosis have become critical technologies for ensuring equipment safety and operational efficiency. Traditional cloud computing-based detection methods face limitations...

3D printing technology has revolutionized manufacturing with its ability to produce complex components, yet defects such as pores, cracks, deformation, and surface irregularities hinder its widespread adoption. Therefore, in recent years, many defect detection and optimization methods have been designed...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have increasingly become vital across a wide range of industries in the past decades. However, the conventional GPS-dependent navigation systems face critical limitations in these applications, especially in GPS-denied environments. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence...

Flexible sensors are an emerging technology in the field of sensors, which are widely used because of their softness and plasticity, and enable people to apply sensing technology more effectively in wearable devices, and medical field. In recent studies, researchers have done excellent work. This paper...

In the early 21st century, China approached the final phase of its heavy and chemical industrialization, marked by excessive blind investments in energy-intensive industries and redundant, low-efficiency projects. These practices triggered a surge in energy consumption and exacerbated environmental pollution....

Industrial robots play a pivotal role in modern manufacturing by significantly enhancing production efficiency, product quality, and operational safety while reducing labor costs. However, traditional industrial robots face limitations in flexible production and rapid changeover, prompting the development...

Research in flexible materials and conductive nanomaterials has advanced the development of flexible pressure sensors. These sensors combine flexibility while converting pressure into measurable electrical signals. Hence their value in areas such as artificial skin, medical detection, and human-computer...

This paper focuses on the material selection and design optimization of temperature sensors, exploring the characteristics of different materials and their impact on sensor performance. First, the study analyses mainstream temperature sensor types, such as thermistors, RTDs, thermocouples, and infrared...

This article surveys the present research situation and development tendencies of multi-object tracking (MOT) technology relying on deep learning. Firstly, it introduces the basic concepts and key technologies of MOT, including core components such as target detection, data association, and trajectory...

Amidst the innovation of science and technology and the demand for new forms of transportation, intelligent driving has become a critical topic in modern automotive industry. Stable and efficient environmental recognition and monitoring serve as essential foundations for realizing intelligent driving....

With the development of autonomous driving technology towards L3-L5 level, high-precision environment sensing becomes a core challenge for system safety and reliability. This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in autonomous driving sensor technologies, covering performance optimization...

Flexible robot, as a emerging technology in smart manufacturing industry, has been arousing great interest widely. This essay begins with the characteristics and classification of soft robots, exploring their advantages, current applications, industrial prospects, as well as the challenges and opportunities...

In the case of a Formula Race car following another car, the aerodynamic package of the car at the front generates turbulence in its wake, and the difference in the incoming flow will have a great impact on the aerodynamic efficiency of the car at the back of the queue. This paper takes Formula Student...

Excellent aircraft structure is an indispensable condition for the success of aircraft, and materials play a key role in the manufacturing of aircraft structures. The progress of the aerospace industry is closely related to the innovation of materials, and materials are also the prerequisite for high-tech...

Modern aircraft’s external structural design achieves substantial enhancements in flight efficiency and stability through aerodynamic optimisation. Research demonstrates that optimisation of bluntness ratio and semi-cone angle parameters achieves aerodynamic drag balance. In wing design, the SD7003 air...

The ultimate pursuit of modern racing car performance relies on the optimisation of aerodynamics, the core of which lies in balancing the contradictory demands of reducing wind resistance and increasing downforce. Excessive resistance limits acceleration and top speed, while insufficient downforce leads...

Nowadays, the aviation industry plays an important role in the development of the country, while the need for accurate prediction of aircraft engines is increasing. Among the numerous prediction methods and models, the Support Vector Machine Method and the Artificial Neural Network Method, which will...

As the development of science and technology and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction have been proposed, the public’s demands for the requirements of passenger planes have also become higher and higher. However, the commercial airliner has been facing a whole spectrum of problems,...

The global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals have driven the rapid development of new energy vehicles (NEVS), while traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVS) are also under pressure to improve energy efficiency. Aerodynamic design plays a vital role in improving vehicle performance...

With the vigorous development of motorsport, the rear wing, as a key component to enhance the aerodynamic performance of racing cars, plays a decisive role in the competitive performance of vehicles. This paper systematically studies the core elements of the design and selection of the rear wing of racing...

While wings, control surfaces, engine, and flight control make sure the aircraft can fly. The landing gear is the only structure that supports an aircraft’s weight on the ground. Landing gear is an essential structure that allows aircraft to take off and land because it integrates tires to keep traction...

This paper explores the Swarm Drone System (SDS), focusing on core cooperative control technologies (e.g., Boids model, distributed vs. centralized systems) and key applications like aerial detection, reconnaissance, and logistics. Case studies, such as DARPA’s OFFSET project and urban delivery pilots,...

This paper explores hydrodynamic effects on cars in wet-road conditions and anti-skid strategies, focusing on tire tread designs. Wet roads pose safety risks due to reduced tire-road friction from water films. The paper analyses six tire tread patterns: longitudinal, transverse, combined, block, asymmetric,...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of aerodynamic optimisation strategies for modern racing vehicles, with a focus on drag reduction and downforce control. Racing cars operate under extreme performance conditions where aerodynamic forces critically influence stability, acceleration, fuel efficiency,...

The aviation sector faces significant challenges in achieving carbon neutrality by 2025. It is influenced by international agreements such as the CORSIA and the Paris Agreement. This article examines key technology pathways for decarbonising aviation, focusing on hybrid propulsion systems, sustainable...

Cars have gradually become one of the most popular modes of transportation for people’s travel. However, the concern now is about their carbon dioxide emissions and their impact on global warming. If we want to improve the image of cars, then aerodynamics can contribute to this process. This paper explores...

Blade shape plays a critical role in determining the energy conversion efficiency of wind turbines. This paper investigates the relationship between blade geometry and wind energy conversion, analysing how parameters such as chord length, twist angle, and camber affect aerodynamic performance. With global...

Medium-duty trucks play a critical role in regional and urban transportation, but their aerodynamic inefficiency leads to high drag and fuel consumption. This paper investigates strategies to reduce aerodynamic drag and improve fuel efficiency for medium-duty trucks. We first review the fundamental aerodynamic...

Optical lock-in amplification is a cornerstone technology for extracting weak optical signals buried in noise by leveraging phase-sensitive detection and frequency-domain filtering. This review systematically analyses the mathematical foundations of Optical Lock-in Amplification, including signal modulation,...

With the development of smart grid and data analytics, deep learning has become a key tool for improving the accuracy of load forecasting in power systems. This paper provides comprehensively reviews of the research advancements in deep learning in the field of load forecasting, diagnosis and identification....

Multimodal sensor fusion plays a significant role in vehicle driving, improving environmental perception accuracy and reliability. Subsequently, applications and challenges in environmental perception, positioning and navigation, attitude perception are discussed. And cutting-edge technologies such as...

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and longevity of engineering systems, especially in aerospace applications. However, the anisotropy and concealed damage mechanisms of composite materials present significant challenges to conventional monitoring techniques....

Intelligent vehicle sensors are the core of autonomous driving, covering camera, millimetre-wave radar, LiDAR and ultrasonic radar, each with its own advantages and disadvantages: camera relies on algorithms and is susceptible to environmental interference; millimetre wave radar adapts to bad weather...

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, traditional wired charging methods have gradually exposed problems such as insufficient convenience, interface wear, and safety hazards. In order to meet users’ demand for convenient and efficient charging methods, wireless charging technology...

This study proposes a solution to the energy supply problem of high-end innovative products based on wireless charging technology. This technology has significant research value due to its significant convenience and driving role in the development of national science and technology. This article focuses...

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and electric vehicles, the limitations of traditional wired charging in terms of flexibility, safety and maintenance costs have become increasingly prominent, and wireless charging technology has become a key direction to break through the bottleneck....

In the past five years, intelligent driving technology has gradually matured, and autonomous driving technology has gradually moved towards the L3-L5 level, so the environmental perception system needs to continuously update its accuracy and stability. Sensors are one of the important ways to receive...

With the development of artificial intelligence and wearable devices, brain-computer interface (BCI) has gradually shifted from basic research to practical applications. The data collected by traditional embedded brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are often highly complex and uncertain, posing significant...

In the context of global promotion of low-carbon travel and the rise of green energy, electric vehicles can be capable of large-scale production and application. However, the traditional charging technology for electric vehicles has numerous inconveniences. Therefore, the wireless charging technology...

This paper presents a systematic comparative study of static and dynamic wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles. It outlines their fundamental principles: static wireless charging, which relies on magnetic field coupling, and dynamic wireless charging, which is divided into rail-type and...

As energy shortage and environmental pollution problems are becoming increasingly serious, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have drawn much more public attention. The charging technology of EVs has also developed, especially Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). Compared to a conductive charging system, its unique advantages...

This paper explores the aerodynamic implications of flap angle adjustments on aircraft performance, with a focus on optimizing lift and drag characteristics during critical flight phases such as takeoff and landing. Trailing-edge flaps, including plain, slotted, Fowler, and Gurney flaps, are examined...